FROM MAULANAS DESK
Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, born in 1925, in
Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, is an Islamic spiritual
scholar who is well-versed in both classical Islamic
learning and modern disciplines. The mission of his life
has been the establishment of worldwide peace. He has
received the Padma Bhushan, the Demiurgus Peace
International Award and Sayyidina Imam Al Hassan
Peace award for promoting peace in Muslim societies.
He has been called ’Islam’s spiritual ambassador to the
world’ and is recognized as one of its most influential
Muslims
. His books have been translated into sixteen
languages and are part of university curricula in six
countries. He is the founder of the Centre for Peace
and Spirituality based in New Delhi.
FOLLOW REASON, MANAGE EMOTIONS
LIFE is the art of making right decisions. Successful is one who
is able to take right decisions at crucial moments. Someone
who is not able to do this shall ruin his life. There is certainly no
alternative to right decision-making.
Sometimes, man is caught between reason and emotions. On one
hand, there are emotional pressures from family, from friends etc and
on the other hand there is a rational demand. In such situations, don’t
waste your time. Follow the practical formula: ignore the emotional
pressure and respond to the rational demand positively.
Emotional pressures are always manageable but rational demands do
not give man a second option. We should learn the art of managing
the emotional pressure in an appropriate manner and opt for the
rational demand. This is the only advisable course of action in such a
situation.
Once, a woman wanted my advice on an issue she was facing. She was
working in a multinational company and sometimes she used to return
late from work. This job was a necessity for her. Each time this used
to happen, her mother used to get angry. My advice to her was that
she should maintain the job. Reason suggests that she should fulfil
its demands properly so as to not lose the job. As far as her mother’s anger is concerned, that was an emotional problem. So, I told her that
when you reach home late and your mother becomes angry, tell her
politely “Oh Mother, I am hungry right now. Please give me food and
we shall talk later!" She followed this formula and in this way her
problem was solved comfortably.
Emotional pressures are always manageable but
rational demands do not give man a second option.
Life is governed by reason and not by emotions. What is reason? It is
only another name for the law of nature. The laws of nature cannot
be altered. It is beyond man’s capacity to alter these laws. They do not
give you any alternative other than following them. Emotions on the
other hand, can be managed. Here the formula is: either follow the
laws of nature or perish.
Man has always been amidst two factors: external factors and internal
sentiments. Successful is the one who makes his plan by considering
the foreign factors. Those who follow their internal sentiments are
doomed to fail. Always remember that inner sentiments are manageable
while rational factors have to be followed. No excuse is permissible in
this regard.
Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Let not the
fire rage on
Rage is nothing but a
temporary provocation.
It is like a fire which flares up for a short duration
and then dies down on its own if it is given no further fuel.
If people realized this, anger would not result
in any serious disharmony.
GODORIENTED LIFE
Discover God through Creation
THE earth is the sun’s satellite. It constantly orbits around the sun,
taking one year to complete such a rotation. This movement of
the earth around the sun is essential for the healthy functioning
of life on earth. If the earth did not revolve around the sun, its existence
would have no meaning, and life would come to an end.
This is a practical example of how we should lead our lives in this world.
It is a physical demonstration that shows how man must indeed revolve
around God, just as the earth revolves around the sun. It means that all
of man’s activities should be God-centric.
The earth rotates as compelled to by the laws of nature. But man, of his
own free will, should surrender to God. He should build a life, which is
based on the concept of God. This consciousness is the real ascension
of man. In this consciousness lies the secret of all success.
The truth is that the present universe is an
expression of God’s attributes.
The God-oriented life begins with the discovery of God. When
individuals, whether men or women, discover God, it means they have
found the truth. And this truth pervades their whole being. This feeling
of having discovered the truth becomes such a thrilling experience that
it fills them with everlasting conviction, removing all frustrations from
their lives. Therefore, losses are no longer such a problem; for, in spite
of them, they never lose the feeling that their greatest asset, i.e. God,
is still with them.
Man experiences this realization by pondering upon God's creations.
The truth is that the universe is an expression of God’s attributes. In
this respect, the universe is a complete introduction to God. God is
visible in His creations, just as a human being sees his own reflection in
the mirror, without having any doubts about it.
The vastness of space tells man that God, its Creator, is boundless. The
observation of the sun and the stars shows us that God is all light. The
heights of the mountains show us the greatness of God. The waves
of the sea and the flow of the river tell us that God is a storehouse of boundless blessings. We see God’s bounties in the greenery of the
trees. Man’s existence becomes a proof of God's existence. In the waft
of air he experiences a divine touch. In the chirping of the birds, he
hears God’s songs.
The God-oriented life for man starts by his remembering God. He
begins to feel the presence of God. Everything serves to remind
him of God. God's remembrance is never absent from his heart and
mind. His mornings and evenings are spent as if he is living in God’s
neighbourhood. Just as rain replenishes the crops, so does he remain
ever immersed in the remembrance of God.
Submission to God is the only way of life
for both man and the universe.
God is a spiritual focus for man. One whose heart is attached to
God undergoes spiritual experiences at every moment. Belief in God
becomes a source of spiritual development for him. Filled with the love
of God, he does not need anything further. God becomes a vast ocean
for him to continue to swim in without ever experiencing any limit. In
the form of spiritual awakening, he receives such great wealth that he
does not feel the need for anything else.
For one who discovers God, the entire universe becomes an open book
of God. Every leaf of a tree becomes a page of the divine book.
When he sees the sun, he feels as if God is lighting His heavenly torch
so that he may read His book clearly. The Universe becomes, as it were,
a supernal university and he its student.
Finding God is to find his centre of Love. Man by birth is a seeker of a
Supreme Being who is far above him, who is free from all limitations
and who may form the centre of his feelings. In short, after finding this
Being, the grown man becomes as satisfied as a child after being held
in the embrace of his mother.
This discovery of God saves one from regarding something other than
God as God: and mistakenly and unrealistically thinking it to be the
answer to the urge inherent in his nature. The discovery of God is to
fulfill his or her real urge to find God. And the failure to discover God
means failure to find that which is man’s greatest need.
One who fails to find God is compelled by his natural urge to give the
place of God to something other than God. This place is sometimes
accorded to a certain human being, sometimes to a certain animal,
sometimes to a phenomenon of nature, sometimes to a certain material
power, sometimes to a certain supposed concept and sometimes just
to the self.
Even if one fails to discover God, or he becomes a denier of God, it is
not in his or her power to stifle the urge in his nature to find God. That
is why those men and women who have not found God inevitably come
to hold something other than God as God. And this supposed God is
always some creation or the other of God.
By nature, it is possible for man not to accept the real God as God, but
it is not possible for anyone to save himself or herself from granting
the status of divinity to something other than God.Making God one’s object of worship raises man's position. On the
contrary, regarding something other than God as God amounts to
descent from the level of humanity.
Submission to God is the only way of life for both — man and
the universe.
Habit of forgetting
The habit of forgetting is very important. It saves
you from distraction, it prevents you from
wasting your time, and it shields you
from negative thoughts.
All these things are so important that
any sacrifice to achieve it
is worth it.
THE CREATION PLAN OF GOD
Discover Meaning
THE famous historian, Edward Gibbon, observed: “Human
history is little more than a register of the crimes, follies and
misfortunes of mankind.” Other historians have also arrived at
similar conclusions, for the ideal existence envisioned by philosophers is
nowhere reflected in human societies. Orientalists’ who have made an
in-depth study of human history have remarked that, with regards to
human failure to achieve the ideal society, Islamic history is no great
exception.
Orientalists’ hold that, although the history of the first phase of Islam
— known as the golden age — no doubt presents a better picture than
that of other periods, it too fails to measure up to the ideal. During the
life of the Prophet, owing to the antagonistic activities of the hypocrites
internally and the Jews and unbelievers externally, Madinah, the city
of the Prophet, could never in any significant sense be converted into
an area of peace. After the Prophet’s demise, and shortly after the first
Caliph, Abu Bakr, had been appointed to be the leader of the Muslims,
most of the Arab tribes revolted.
The ideal existence envisioned by philosophers
is nowhere reflected in human societies.
Subsequently, in almost every period, unfavourable developments
repeatedly proved to be hindrances to the formation of the ideal
society. During the times of Umar, the second Caliph, a secret lobby in
Madinah, working towards the extirpation of Islam, finally succeeded in
having the Caliph assassinated. Afterwards, the age of open opposition
set in. The third Caliph, likewise, was publicly murdered. The reign of
Ali, the fourth Caliph, was marked by civil war in which thousands of
precious lives were lost and the Caliph himself was martyred.
Given the state of affairs, thinkers and philosophers have always
expressed pessimistic views about human history, holding it to be an
ongoing tragedy: events have shown that, in this world, the building of
the ideal human society is well-nigh impossible.
The reason for this pessimistic view of history does not lie in history
itself, but in our flawed approach to the subject. Our criterion to study history is not the correct one, for it has been formulated by human
beings. The only valid criterion, in the light of which we should study
human history, is that laid down by our Creator. The right way to
understand this matter is, therefore, to discover the creation plan of
the creator and then attempt to study history within its framework.
The only valid criterion, in the light of which we should
study human history, is that laid down by our
Creator — the creation plan of God.
From a study of the Quran, we learn that for a proper understanding
of human society the central idea is not an ideal society, it is human
freedom. Man has been granted full freedom of speech and action in
this life — the reason being that he has been placed in this world by
the Almighty for the purpose of being tested. As a prerequisite for this
test, man is at liberty to deny God, to kill prophets and to oppose the
messengers of truth. Given such a state of affairs, human freedom
would have to be withdrawn altogether in order to bring an ideal society
into existence. And God, in accordance with His plan of creation, would
never under any circumstances abrogate human freedom.
The particular nature of human existence on earth has been thus
explained in the Quran:
We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth
and the mountains, but they refused to bear it,
because they were afraid of it. But man bore
it: he surely proved unjust and ignorant.
THE QURAN 33: 72
‘Trust’ in the above verses refers to the freedom of choice with which
man has been entrusted. The earth and the heavens have neither such
freedom nor any will-power of their own. They are compelled to adhere
to the laws of nature laid down by God for all eternity. But man has no
such compulsion. He is totally free in word and deed.
From other verses in the Quran, we learn that, according to the creation
plan of God, what is of actual importance in this world is the building,
not of an ideal society, but of ideal individuals (
society will, therefore, come into existence not in this world, but in
the world Hereafter — referred to in the Quran as Dar us Salam (the
Home of Peace). The actual obstacle to the building of the ideal society in this world is the presence everywhere of rebellious and insolent
people. In the heavenly society of the Hereafter, all such evil-doers
will be separated from good people; the heavenly society will then be
comprised only of virtuous souls. Only in heaven then will it be possible
to create an ideal society.
The error in the thinking of secular philosophers derives from their
desire to construct in this present world the ideal society — the society
which, according to God’s scheme of things, is going to become a reality
only in the world of the Hereafter. The most formidable obstacle to the
emergence of an ideal society is human freedom, but thanks to the
exigencies of God’s trial of humanity, human freedom is not going to be
taken away. The ideal society will thus remain a distant dream.
According to the Quran, the truth has been fully set forth in this world.
Now it is up to man to put his faith in it or to deny it (
point the Quran says:
The straight way leads to God and there are ways which
deviate from the right course. If He so wished,
He would guide you all.
THE QURAN 16: 9
The Quran further observes:
If your Lord had wished, He would have made mankind
into one community. As it is, they will not cease to
dispute, and to this end He has created them (all),
except for those to whom your Lord has
shown mercy. The word of your
Lord shall be fulfilled.
THE QURAN 11: 118-119
This freedom granted to man by his Creator is the reason why a
society with uniformity in all its aspects could never be produced in
human history. If in a society there are virtuous people, there are
wicked people as well. The unworthy have never ceased to create
disturbance; even the societies founded by the prophets are no
exception. This is why despite the existence of good individuals
in this world, a good society could never become a possibility.
However, this is not a matter of evil, or even of deficiency. The truth
is that the recurrence of disturbance and dissension in society is
essential to the realization of the Creation Plan itself, for good people of the highest calibre are produced in unfavourable rather than in
favourable situations.
We learn from the Quran that man was born into an existence fraught
with toil and strife (
to say: ‘Go down from here as enemies to each other. For a while, there
is an abode for you and a provision on earth.’ (
has no choice but to lead a life which is marred by trial and tribulation,
opposition and enmity till the coming of judgement day.
According to the Creation plan of God, what is of
actual importance in this world is the building — not of
an ideal society — but of ideal individuals.
This human condition has not come about by accident. This is exactly
in accordance with the divine scheme of things. God has created this
world in order to select those individuals who are capable of inhabiting
heaven. These worthy inhabitants of Paradise are invariably produced
under abnormal rather than normal circumstances. Human beings,
therefore, will continue to face unfavourable circumstances in order
that desirable people will go on being produced for such a selection.
The Quran states:
Do people think that once they say: ‘We believe', they will
be left alone and not be put to the test? We certainly
tried those who have gone before them, so God
will certainly distinguish between those
who are truthful and those
who are lying.
THE QURAN 29: 2-3
In a similar vein the Quran says:
Do you think that you will enter Paradise without having
suffered like those who passed away before you?
Affliction and hardship befell them and so shaken
were they that the Messenger and the believers
with him would exclaim, when will God's help
come? Surely the help of God is near.
THE QURAN 2: 214
There is another verse to this effect: Do you suppose that you would
enter the Garden, without God knowing those among you who would
strive hard for His cause and endure with fortitude? (
the Quran addresses Muslims in these words: Do you [O believers]
think that you will be spared without God identifying which of you have
struggled and did not take any one for friends and protectors except
God, His messenger and the believers? God is fully aware of all your
actions. (
The truth is that in this world what is desirable to God is not the Ideal
Society but the Ideal man. And as we learn from the Quran, such an
individual is produced in conditions of ‘severe affliction’ (
not in normal, peaceful circumstances.
The truth is that the recurrence of disturbance and
dissension in society is essential to the realization
of the Creation Plan itself, for good people of the
highest calibre are produced in unfavourable
rather than in favourable situations.
God looks with favour upon those human beings who, finding
themselves in the midst of a jungle of theories and ideologies, are
able to discern the truth and then to persevere in their adherence to
it. He gives His approval to those human beings whose faith remains
unshaken even in the face of severe problems and dire adversity; whose
hearts, even when they are subjected to all manner of persecution, are
untainted by negative sentiments; who when threatened with calamity,
do not lose heart, but undergo a process of brainstorming which will
lead to their intellectual development; who even when faced with such
untoward events which are likely to divert them from the Straight Path,
remain staunch in their faith in God; who feel the great tumult of the
awakening of spirituality in their hearts, bringing them closer to God.
The man most desirable to God is one worthy of inhabiting the refined
and ideal world of Paradise. Such a person, the rarest of rare phenomena,
is greater than all that is great in the Universe. Such a human
being takes a new birth. He is born, not in peaceful circumstances but
in great strife and turmoil. He faces darkness in this world, so that he
may live in the eternal light of the Hereafter. He treads a thorny path
in this life, so that he may enjoy a flower-filled environment in the
afterlife. Here he suffers loss, so that he may be blessed with the joys of recovery in the Hereafter. He patiently bears the deprivation of the
pleasures and comforts of this world, so that he may be entitled to a
place in the eternal Paradise of heavenly bliss.
Such a precious soul cannot come into being in a vacuum. Nor can he
develop in the normal atmosphere of society — no matter how closelyapproaching
the ideal that society may be. It is only in the jungle of
adversity that such a soul can emerge; there is no other possible
breeding ground.
God has created this world in order to select those
individuals who are capable of inhabiting heaven.
What philosophers describe as social evil is a training ground devised
by the Creator to produce human beings of great moral and spiritual
character. That is why, in every period of human history, mankind
has been faced with all manner of conflict and dissension. The true
believers; the virtuous and, in particular, the prophets, have invariably
found themselves in unpropitious situations. There is a Hadith to this
effect: “When God loves a people, He puts them to the test.”
Unfavourable circumstances are not peculiar to non-Muslim societies;
in one way or another, they have always been a part of Muslim societies
too. In ancient times, the prophets whenever sent to any nation were
subjected to severe persecution by unbelievers and deniers. We learn
from the Quran that the Prophet Moses was likewise threatened with
mental torture and physical agony, even though he had been sent to
the People of the Book, that is, to the Jews (
The Prophet Muhammad, may peace be upon him, established a
properly organized state in Arabia, later known as the Khilafat-eRashida,
and ruled successively by the four rightly guided Caliphs. But
even during this ideal period of Islam, the state continued to suffer
from a variety of severe problems. Indeed, there is no period of the
Islamic State which can be pinpointed as one in which Muslims led
their lives in a state of perfect peace and normalcy.
This is not due to any deficiency in the Islamic State, but rather due to
the exigencies of the 'training course' established by God Himself for
the moral discipline of human beings. As mentioned above, it is not
part of God’s plan that an ideal society should be formed in this world in which people will lead peaceful lives. According to God’s scheme of
things, what is of actual importance is the preparation and formation
of individuals. This unavoidably takes place in an atmosphere, not of
peace and tranquillity, but of turbulence and turmoil.
In the present world, at neither the national nor communal level, do
we possess the moral and physical resources which are essential to
the construction of a high standard society. However, we do have the
means to build the ideal character in individuals, and this is an ongoing
reality — as a requirement of God’s Creation plan, which is concerned
not with the building of a heavenly society, but the building of the
heavenly individual who is fit to dwell in the ideal society of paradise.
Looked at in terms of the ideal society, the history of Islam would
appear to have its darker, negative side. But if seen in terms of the
development of individuals, this same history would appear to have
a very positive, bright side. The ideal society or the ideal state may
not have come into being but, throughout Islamic history, there has
never been any dearth of individuals of great moral and spiritual
calibre. Indeed, the annals of history may have little to show in terms
of ideal societies, but their pages have been made resplendent with the
thoughts, words and deeds of ideal individuals.
Super achievement
Unpleasant experiences are painful but
they make a necessary contribution to
advanced intellectual development.
Without undergoing this kind of
experience, no one can be
a super achiever.
MESSAGE OF RAMAZAN
Emotions of Faith
According to a Hadith, the Prophet of Islam said:
God suggested to me, ‘We will change one of the valleys of
Makkah into gold for you’. I said, ‘Oh my Lord, No! Instead,
I desire that one day I should eat well and be satisfied and
remain hungry the next day. So that when I feel hungry,
I can beseech You and remember You and when
I am full and satiated, I can praise You
and thank You.'
IT is a fact that emotions and feelings of faith are directly related
to the situation or circumstance. Every situation in life presents
an occasion for emotions of faith. As there are many different
situations that can arise, accordingly there are many different types of
feelings and emotions of faith. Man has been placed in this world for
the purpose of a ‘test’. That is why for every man and woman in this
world many different circumstances arise in their lives, so that it can be
assessed which one of them will satisfy the requirements of the test.
In this world situations and conditions of comfort or want are both
extraneous. What is of importance is the reaction to the situation
and not the situation in itself. Given the situation, was the reaction
desirable? If this fact is clear to any man or woman then they will
not look at the situation of comfort or want but at the reaction they
present as testimony. Was it gratitude or pride; acknowledgement or
thanklessness; one of patience or one of intolerance? Such people will
evaluate and introspect at every situation and not complain about the
circumstances. Without such conditions there can be no emotion at all.
God desires two qualities from His believers. First, that they
acknowledge the all pervading power of God and express their utmost
helplessness to Him. Secondly, that after receiving and perceiving of
the blessings of God they express their gratitude for the same. Both
these desirable qualities have been clearly and explicitly explained
in the Quran and the Hadith. The most practical experience of these
qualities is one that appears in the form of hunger and thirst on the
one hand and satiation and contentment on the other. The pangs of
hunger and thirst are the ultimate experience of the realization of man's
weakness, helplessness and dependence. In a similar manner when he partakes of food and water after going through hunger and thirst, that
is the utmost experience or realization of the value of the food and
water that God has provided for him.
In this world man needs to experience both the feelings of hunger and
satiation. He should experience the feeling of a parched throat and
the pleasure of drinking cool water to quench his thirst; a feeling of
contentment described in a Hadith as ‘My thirst was quenched and
my nerves were cooled’. Feelings will not arise without the associated
conditions. Fasting in the month of Ramazan is an annual program for
creating such conditions. Through fasting one experiences both hunger
and satiation so that one can be humble as well as grateful to God.
While giving the command for fasting the Quran says:
Believers’, fasting has been prescribed for you, just as it was
prescribed for those before you, so that you may
guard yourselves against evil.
THE QURAN 2: 183
The month of Ramazan is the month when the Quran was sent
down as guidance for mankind with clear proofs of guidance
and the criterion by which to distinguish right from wrong.
He desires you to fast the whole month, so that you may
glorify Him for His having guided you and so
that you may be grateful to Him.
THE QURAN 2: 185
Two essential benefits of fasting are mentioned in these verses. One,
that fasting creates piety in an individual. Secondly, fasting makes it
possible for man to express genuine gratitude to God. The same feelings
that the Quran mentions as piety and gratitude are mentioned in the
Hadith as humility and thankfulness. These two feelings are essential
to worship. Acknowledgement of God's power and acceptance of our
helplessness creates the feelings of piety and humble supplication.
And, the acknowledgement of God's blessings creates the feelings of
praise and gratitude towards God.
If man is conscious of these facts he will experience both these types
of feelings every day and in every situation. From every incident he will
derive this divine nourishment for his soul. Fasting has been ordained
so that these feelings can generally be further developed with more
intensity. In other words, fasting in the month of Ramazan is a general
training to be accomplished through a specific course.
REPUTATION WILL PAY NOT HONOUR
Develop Reputation
An American author, Lois McMaster Bujold (b. 1949), has said:
“Reputation is what other people know about you.
Honour is what you know about yourself.”
REPUTATION is the opinion that others hold about you. How is
this opinion formed? It is developed through your deeds, and
not through your words. Reputation represents your real
personality; while, honour is your own perception about yourself. It is
like self-praise, that is, believing that you are 'so and so', without taking
into account of what others think about you.
Reputation is the opinion that others hold about you;
while, honour is your own perception about yourself.
Your reputation is like a cheque that can be cashed from the bank. The
market knows you through your reputation, and not through your selfperception.
You cannot 'cash in' your self-perception or honour in the
market. If you want to have a place for yourself in the market, then you
have to create a reputation for yourself by your actual deeds. Honour
or self-praise cannot give you any place in the market.
Some people live in self-pride. They are always engaged in praising
themselves. But, self-praise can only satisfy oneself, the other person
will never take heed to your self-praise.
Everyone is born with some special quality. If you discover that quality
and utilize it, that will inculcate gratefulness for God. However, if you
yearn to develop a quality that you do not possess, then that will lead
to following of an unrealistic approach. As a result, you will always give
others a reason for complaint
SANCTITY OF HUMAN LIFE
Protection of mankind
According to the Quran Surah Al-Maida Verse 32:
Whoever killed a human being except as a punishment for
murder or for spreading corruption in the land shall be
regarded as having killed all mankind, and that whoever
saved a human life shall be regarded as
having saved all mankind.
THE QURAN 5: 32
WHEN a person commits such a crime as is mentioned in this
verse, in reality he breaks the inviolable ethic of the sanctity
of human life. The sanctity of human life is a kind of value
system that is a barrier to anyone taking another’s life. In any society,
when this value system and sanctity is violated, then this barrier is
demolished. A person who commits such a crime gives licence to others
in society to indulge in similar or lesser such crimes. The murder of one
human being opens the door to the killing of mankind.
The sanctity of human life is a kind of value system
that is a barrier to anyone taking another’s life.
Adam’s two sons Habil and Qabil had a conflict on some issue that
escalated further until Qabil murdered Habil. In this way Qabil became
the first person in history to breach the ethic of the sanctity of human
life. He was the first to use the method of violence in order to resolve
conflict and hence began a new convention. In reality therefore, Qabil’s
actions was not just the killing of his brother, but it was the beginning
in history of a new convention of killing another human. After this
murder, this wrong convention has continued relentlessly throughout
human history.
To better comprehend this issue consider the example of the medieval
Muslim state known as Al-Andalus or Muslim Spain (711-1492 AD). The
Muslim rulers of Spain in the later periods had become weak due to
their internecine differences and conflicts. Initially the kingdom was
fragmented into a number of smaller states and fiefdoms and then
gradually, one by one, these small states started to disintegrate and their rulers were deposed. Eventually the only Muslim territory that was
left was the Sultanate of Granada under the Nasrid dynasty established
in 1238 AD, by Sultan Mohammed I ibn Nasr who was better known as
Mohammed ibn al-Ahmar. This was the name given to him as he was
the one who built the famous Alhambra palace of Granada.
Muhammed II al-Faqih was the son and heir of Mohammed ibn alAhmar
and the second Nasrid ruler of the Granada Sultanate. In 1302
AD, his son Mohammed III had him poisoned and ascended the Sultan’s
throne. This murder broke the tradition of sanctity of life in the royal
palace. Following this there was a series of murders in the royal family.
The safety of mankind lies in upholding the
ethic of the sanctity of human life.
In 1310 AD, Sultan Mohammad III was blinded and killed on the
command of his brother Abul Juyush Nasr so that there would be no
other heirs to the Sultanate. Abul Juyush Nasr then reigned as Nasr,
Sultan of Granada until 1314 AD, when he was overthrown by his
nephew Ismail I. Sultan Ismail I himself was assassinated by his cousin
Muhammed in 1325 AD. Sultan Muhammed IV then took the throne
but like his father Ismail I, he was also assassinated by his relatives in
1333 AD. The throne fell into the hands of Sultan Yusuf I.
In 1354 AD, whilst praying he was killed by a dagger. His son Muhammed
V succeeded him but was overthrown by his half-brother Ismail
II in 1359 AD. Less than a year later Sultan Ismail II and his brother
were murdered by the sultan’s brother-in-law Abu Said who ruled as
Muhammed VI. Similarly, one after another the Sultans and princes
were murdered until the end of the Granada sultanate in 1492 AD.
The safety of mankind lies in upholding the ethic of the sanctity
of human life; and the breaking of this ethic is the destruction of
mankind.
ULEMA AND THE MODERN AGE
Misguided Politics
WITH the dawn of the modern age the western colonial powers
had spread all over the world. Their primary focus was not
the establishment of political power in the world; it was their
discoveries in science and technology, of new lands and opportunities.
This was also the case of the companions of the Prophet who took the
divine message to different parts of the world. It is altogether another
matter that both — western colonial powers and the companions of
the Prophet — also won political power. The western powers were in
fact the ambassadors of the scientific revolution and had discovered a
world completely different from the traditional order.
With these discoveries they had spread out to the far corners of the
world, but the Muslims and their ulema considered these western
powers their political rivals and stood against them in confrontation.
The western powers were ambassadors
of the scientific revolution.
The unnecessary political and violent efforts of the ulema failed to
defeat the Western colonial powers. What happened, instead, was
this: internecine fighting among the Western countries themselves,
culminating in the Second World War, drained their military strength
to such an extent that it became exceedingly difficult for them to
continue to exercise political control over other countries. That is
why they granted political independence to these countries in the
mid-20th century, although their cultural and economic control over
them remained intact.
As a result of this development, some 50 Muslim-majority politically
independent states emerged in Asia and Africa. At this time, too, it was
the task of the ulema in these countries to shoulder the very same
responsibility that Islam had given them — that is to say, to leave
politics to the politicians and to focus their energies, instead, on the
spread of knowledge, communication of the divine message, as well
as social work and other such constructive activities. But, instead of
doing this, they again rushed headlong into the field of politics in a
completely unwarranted way.
Before this, in the period of European colonial rule, the aim of the
politics of these ulema had been ‘the struggle for independence’.
Now their politics was conducted in the name of ‘the enforcement
of Islamic law’. In numerous countries, including Egypt, Sudan, Syria,
Algeria, Indonesia and so on, the ulema set up parties whose aim was
to establish political rule according to Islamic law. This politics once
again turned Muslim countries into battlefields, the only difference
now being that while earlier, in the colonial period, the ulema had been
pitted against non-Muslim peoples, now they were up in arms against
a section of fellow Muslims themselves. And so, these ‘Islamic’ parties
found themselves playing the role of the Opposition in almost every
Muslim country.
These efforts of the ulema did not result in the establishment of purely
Shariah-based rule in any Muslim country. But what did result from all
of this was that Muslims everywhere became divided into, broadly, two
mutually-opposed camps that were at war with each other. If, in the
colonial period, non-Muslim forces killed Muslims, now Muslims began
slaughtering their co-religionists. And, consequently, everywhere
Muslim societies fell prey to destructive activities.
The primary focus of the western colonial powers was not
the establishment of political power in the world; it was
their discoveries in science and technology,
of new lands and opportunities.
Had the ulema of the Muslim countries stayed aloof from practical
politics, and focused instead, on the reform of Muslims, awakening
the spirit of Islam among them, producing Islamic literature according
to modern standards that would promote a thirst for Islam among
Muslims and similar sort of work, they would have been better able to
work towards establishing an Islamic government. If they had played
their role in transforming Muslim societies into truly Islamic societies,
the system of governance that would have naturally emerged from this
process woul+d undoubtedly have been an Islamic one, as is suggested
by a Hadith:
Your leadership will be a reflection of you [the people].
The real cause for the failure of efforts to enforce Islamic law in Muslim
countries is not the oppression of secularist rulers or the conspiracies
of the enemies of Islam, unlike what many of those who regard themselves as ‘lovers of Islam’ repeatedly claim. The real reason for
this is the blunder committed by the so-called flag-bearers of Islam
who, without properly preparing Muslim societies for this sort of
governance, went about stirring up campaigns for the enforcement of
Islamic law. The Pakistani example very well exemplifies this point. In
that country, what are called ‘pro-Islamic’ forces have, on more than
one occasion, won the chance of ruling the country, either partially
(as in the case of Mufti Muhammad Mahmud’s winning control of the
Frontier Province in the 1970s) or completely (as in the case of the rule
of General Zia ul-Haq). Yet, in no way have they succeeded in enforcing
the Shariah there.
A narrative of Aisha, the Prophet’s wife, provides a very appropriate
commentary on this matter. It is a long narrative, in Sahih al-Bukhari
and a portion of it reads as follows: The verses of the Quran which were
revealed in the beginning contained details about Paradise and hell.
Subsequently, when the people embraced Islam the verses regarding
legal and illegal acts were revealed; which, had they been revealed
earlier, would not prevent people from pursuing the illegal, as they
would not yet be aware of Eternal reward and punishment.
In Muslim lands, the ulema involved in movements for the enforcement
of Islamic law simply assumed that because the majority of the
inhabitants of these countries were Muslims, they were, by definition,
in favour of Islamic law. This was a complete misreading of reality,
however. The fact is that the present-day generation of Muslims is
actually a communal aggregate, and not, in the real sense, a truly
religious collective. Hence, it is wrong to assume, even about people
who pray and fast and perform Haj or Umrah, that they want that
political power should be wielded by the ulema, who should impose
Shariah laws on them.
The unrealistic politics of the ulema in Muslim countries have produced
a situation which we can properly appreciate in the light of the Hadith
referred to above. Without preparing the populace to welcome and
accept Islamic laws, the ulema seek to impose these laws, including
with regard to the consumption of liquor and adultery, while at the
same time, large sections of the populace react to them, saying, “We
will never let these laws of yours be imposed on us.”
In January 1827, Sayyed Ahmad Barelvi and his companions had
established what they termed as an Islamic government in the Peshawar region, near the Afghan border. Sayyed Ahmad Shahid was selected as
the head of the state, the Amir ul-mumineen (leader of the believers).
But, very soon, internecine rivalry broke out, so much so that local
Muslims set about slaughtering the representatives that Sayyed Ahmad
Barelvi had appointed in their areas. And so, this ‘Islamic government’
collapsed almost as soon as it had been established.
This failed experiment in seeking to establish Islamic rule without
preparing Muslim society adequately for it was not, however, accepted
as a warning sign by later generations. That is why efforts continue to
be made even in our day to repeat this experiment which, some 250
years ago, very clearly showed how impossible it was for it to succeed.
By the middle of the 20th century, movements aiming for what they
called ‘Islamic Revolution’ emerged almost all across the Muslim world.
These were led by ulema as well as ‘pro-Islamic’ intellectuals. But these
people, both when they were in the Opposition as well as when, in
some cases, they came to power, simply became a cause for giving
Islam a bad name. It is a fact that these movements in the name of
‘Divine Government’ (Hukumat-e Ilahiya), the ‘Islamic System’ (Islami
Nizam) and the ‘Enforcement of the Shariah’ (nifaz-e shariah) proved
only to be counter-productive.
It was the task of the ulema in these countries
to shoulder the very same responsibility
that Islam had given them.
It is worth noting in this regard that numerous great non-Muslim
thinkers, from the late 19th till the mid-20th century, had declared Islam
as the solution to the problems besetting humanity in the present age.
But, at the end of the 20th century, no important non-Muslim thinker
made any such announcement.
The cause for this was the wrong representation of Islam by the socalled
revolutionary Muslim leaders. Prior to this, the intellectuals of
the world were presented with the history of the early phase of Islam,
and, impressed by it; many of them had a very positive image of Islam.
But the meaningless movements stirred up in the name of Islam by the
present-day ulema and other Muslim leaders turned into nothing but
yet another cause for adding to human misery. Faced with the record
of these so-called representatives of Islam in our times, many people have become disgusted with Islam itself. And so, no longer do many
globally-influential intellectuals believe that Islam can be a means for
human welfare in the present age.
The Example of the Prophet
Abdullah Ibn Abbas, a companion of the Prophet reports an incident
from the early Makkan phase of the Prophet’s time. One day, the
leaders of the Quraysh gathered near the Kabah. They decided to send
one of their men to the Prophet to call him so that they could talk over
matters with him. When he received this message, the Prophet went to
meet them.
When the discussion started, the representative of the Quraysh told
the Prophet that he had become a source of trouble for their tribe, and
accused him of abusing their forefathers, criticizing their religion, and
insulting their Gods. After going on in this vein, he told the Prophet
that he should desist from what he was doing, in return for which the
Quraysh were ready to give him whatever he wanted. The Quraysh
would even concede to making him their ruler if he wanted that.
The Prophet did not accept this offer of the Quraysh, and, instead,
continued with his missionary efforts. Later, when he shifted to
Madinah, he established an Islamic government there. Now, the
question arises as to why the Prophet did not accept the offer of
heading the government earlier, in Makkah, which the Quraysh had
made to him, while he established an Islamic government 15 years
later, in Madinah. Why didn’t he establish this Islamic government in
Makkah, fifteen years earlier?
The reason for this is that the way to establish an Islamic government is
not that any ‘Islamic personality’, using any means whatsoever, comes
to occupy the seat of governance. The establishment of a regime is very
closely linked to the prevailing external conditions. The establishment
of an Islamic government requires a suitable society, whose members
have become receptive to Islam, and where the political factors
necessary for the stability of the administration are present.
In the Makkan period of the Prophet, these favourable factors had
not crystallized. That is why the Prophet did not try to establish
Islamic government in Makkah. But, later, in Madinah, these factors
had crystallized, and that is why the Prophet established the rule of
Islam there.
The difference in the two contexts is clearly apparent from the fact that
in Makkah it was possible for the wife of Abu Lahab to condemn the
Prophet and to even publicly sing verses criticizing him and announcing
that she refused to accept the message he was propagating. On the
other hand, in the 13th year of his prophethood, when the Prophet,
along with his companion Abu Bakr, arrived in Madinah, he was greeted
by the children of the town singing verses that celebrated his arrival
and his message.
A similar example can be drawn from the life of the Prophet Moses. The
Children of Israel, the people of Moses, the Quran tells us, had been
destined to acquire political power once again. And so, after the demise
of Moses, the Children of Israel rose up in revolt against the then ruler
and established their own government over Syria and Palestine.
Here, it is interesting to note that the Children of Israel had the same
opportunity of establishing a government half a century earlier, at the
time of Moses. Why, one might ask, did they have to wait for so many
years till they finally did so?
At the time of Moses, the Pharaoh of Egypt and his entire army were
drowned in the sea, and this cleared the field for Moses. Moses could
have returned to the then Egyptian capital, Memphis, along with the
Children of Israel, and occupied the vacant Egyptian throne. After the
miraculous destruction of the Pharaoh and his army, the denizens
of Egypt must have been so awe-struck that they would have readily
accepted Moses as their new ruler.
But Moses did not do this. Instead, he left the vacant political field of
Egypt and, along with his people, went into the Sinai desert. There, the
Children of Israel faced forty years of harsh life, where a new generation
was born, that was reared in the desert and survived.
Now, the only reason for this delay was that the generation of the
Children of Israel that had earlier lived in Egypt had, for certain
particular reasons, fallen prey to moral decline, so much so, as the
Quran (
brother Aaron (Harun), he had no faith in any person. And so, all the
people of Children of Israel were kept in the wilderness so that a
new generation of the Children of Israel, reared in the desert, should
develop a reliable character and then become capable of establishing
an Islamic government.
These two instances very clearly prove that a new regime can only
be established when the necessary collective conditions favourable
for it prevail. The example of the Prophet tells us that if among the
public a conducive environment does not prevail in the real sense,
even a prophet cannot establish a government in such a context.
And if he does establish a government despite the absence of such
a conducive environment, it will soon collapse, and the end result of
this will be fruitlessness.
Keeping this Prophetic example in mind, it will be clear that the
agitations that swept all across the Muslim world, driven by the slogan
“Establish Islamic Government”, were simply foolish. Their logical
result could only be — and it turned out to be precisely so — terrible
destruction, with their goal remaining as distant as before.
Nation Building
No nation can
ever hold up its head,
far less take pride of place
amongst the nations of the world, if
the individuals of which it is comprised
think of nothing but personal gain
and self-glorification.
Believer’s world view
For a believer, if everything goes according to
plan, a feeling of thanksgiving is aroused in him.
But should his plans go awry, he realizes that
man can only propose; it is God who disposes.
In this way he comes closer to the Lord.
FROM THE SPIRITUAL TREE
There is a tree beside my house. I call
it the 'Spiritual Tree'. I derive spiritual
inspiration from it. A tree is an evergrowing
being that was initially a seed
possessing the potential of becoming
a full-grown tree. A seed takes food
from the universe around it and then
grows into a tree. The same is true
with spirituality, the desire for which is
intrinsic to, and an integral part of, the
very nature of, every human being. To
realize this spirituality, Man must derive
spiritual food from the universe around
him. A tree converts carbon-dioxide into oxygen; a spiritual person is one who
can take positive lessons from negative situations. From this perspective, a tree
is an embodiment of a spiritual personality. — Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
THE DIVINE WAY
THERE are countless stars and asteroids in the universe. All of
these are incessantly rotating in the vastness of space. Space
is like a limitless runway for the movement of these countless
orbiting bodies at great speed. But what is most amazing is that neither
the planets nor the stars ever collide in their course.
What is the secret? The secret lies in their rotation within their own
orbits with the utmost precision and without the slightest deviation.
It is this law of motion which has prevented the heavenly bodies
from colliding.
Exactly the same course is desirable for human beings. For the human
course too God has set a fixed sphere within the limits of which every
human being has to move. If everyone moves in his respective sphere,
a state of peace is automatically established in society. But when
people cross their limits, and break the barriers set for them, society
will witness clashes and confrontations.
Those who deliberately or even unthinkingly collide with other people
will not only invite their own destruction but will also destroy others.
How must man live in social life? How should he deal with others?
What should be his behaviour? What norms should he follow in his
sayings and deeds? For all this, God has given clear commands. He
has explained what man should do and what he should not do. In life’s
daily affairs opting for the course permitted by God is like the stars
moving in the orbits fixed for them.
On the other hand, indulgence in forbidden things is like deviation
from the fixed sphere. It is people who deviate in this way who cause
all kinds of evil and corruption, and who, in their straying, destroy not
only themselves but also the society in which they live.
The true believer is one who leads his life in the sphere appointed for
him by God. It is those who unswervingly pursue the course set for
them by their Creator, will share God’s blessings in this world as well as
His eternal blessings in the Hereafter.
Tolerance
The act of tolerance is not a matter of compulsion:
it results naturally from the doer being
of an elevated moral calibre.
RESULTORIENTED ACTION
Practical Wisdom
BERTRAND Russell (1872–1970) was a British philosopher; at the
same time he was a peace activist. At the end of the WWI, he
had been imprisoned for six months for participating in antiwar
protest. This would not be his last time in prison for his pacifist
stances. In 1961, three years after founding the Campaign for Nuclear
Disarmament, he was in jail for one week in connection with antinuclear
protests.
This street demonstration by Russell created media furore. He and
the protestors were able to supply temporary news for the media,
but in terms of the required result, it was totally a non-event. Russell
and his colleagues were successful in registering protest, but they
were unsuccessful in changing the course of events. There have been
countless similar protests and demonstrations throughout the world
which have proved largely ineffective.
Peace requires intellectual change.
The issue of peace is not a matter of street demonstration. Peace
requires change in people’s thinking. Without intellectual change, it is
impossible to bring about change in the real situation.
There is a dictum adopted by UNESCO: ‘Violence begins from the mind.’
The same is true for the issue of peace. Peace begins from the mind.
Anyone who wants to establish peace must adopt the right beginning.
The right beginning for this purpose is the human mind, and not
the streets.
Then, the object of peace cannot be attained through any kind of
short-term planning. It requires long-term planning. Anyone who
wants to see a peaceful world must adopt long-term planning. Longterm
planning requires patience, and it is a fact that any substantial
achievement can be had only through patient planning and not simply
through emotional outbursts.
THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE
Example of the Prophet
According to a Hadith, the Prophet told his Companions to offer their
prayers in the manner in which they saw him praying.
Perform your prayer the way I perform it;
O people learn from me the rituals of Haj.
THIS is what he said with regard to salah or prayer. But, he did not
say the same sort of thing with regard to governance. He did not
tell his Companions, ‘See my model of governance, and you, too,
should establish governance in the same way.’ The Prophet of Islam did
not issue the same sort of instruction for governance that he used with
regard to prayer.
If you ponder over this difference, you will realise that the question of
individuals is distinct from that of the state. As far as individual conduct
is concerned, we have in front of us an ideal model — the model of the
Prophet of Islam. Every believer must be an idealist in matters related
to his individual conduct. He must always strive to mould his life in line
with the model of the Prophet.
But the question of the political setup is entirely different from this. In
the matter of the political or governmental setup, the prevailing status
quo with regard to the collective conditions should be kept in mind
and the political setup should be shaped accordingly. This is why there
is no single model for the appointment of a Caliph in Islam. Abu Bakr,
Umar, Uthman, Ali and Umar ibn Abdul Aziz are regarded by Muslims
as five 'rightly guided' Caliphs, but, as is well known, the method of
appointment of all five of them was different from each other.
In later times, after the Prophet, Muslim jurisprudents or fuqaha
formulated a political model by the name of Dar ul-Islam (The Abode of
Islam). This was a derived concept, which was not proper. These jurisprudents
exercised their own reasoning in this matter. Consequently,
people took Dar ul-Islam to be the criterion and began using it to judge
the governments of their times. And when they found that political
systems were not in accordance with this criterion, they began fighting
against established governments. Such wars were without any doubt
against Islam; because in Islam, the political setup is to be determined
in accordance with prevailing conditions, and not in accordance with
any ideal model that has been formulated beforehand.
FASTING AS A SPIRITUAL CULTURE
Simple Living—High thinking
ACCORDING to Islamic teachings, Ramazan — the ninth month
of the Hijri (Islamic) calendar — is the month of fasting. In this
month believers refrain from food and drink for a limited period
each day, that is, from dawn till sunset. They eat and drink during the
night. This practice continues for one month.
What is fasting? Fasting does not simply amount to observing hunger
for a temporary period of time. In fact, it symbolizes a lifelong culture,
that is, a culture of dedication.
According to Islamic ideology, a believer is a man of mission. A man
of mission is a different person. He has little time for anything other
than his mission. He eschews all such activities as are irrelevant to his
mission and fasting symbolizes this spirit.
A person, who controls his material life and devotes
himself for a higher cause, also inculcates
spirituality in himself.
The Arabic equivalent of fasting is sawm, which means abstinence.
Abstinence is the gist of fasting. When one involves himself in a
mission, that is, of spreading the word of God, he has no time, except
for fulfilling his bare necessities. This is the mission culture.
Abstaining from food and water for a limited period is symbolic
training. This practice prepares one to lead a life of dedication to
one’s mission.
Fasting during the month of Ramazan reminds a faithful person that if
the acts of abstinence were to reach the extent of refraining from food
and water for a temporary period, then he would be ready to do so for
a higher purpose. Although this training is for a temporary period, it
enables ones to lead one’s whole life in accordance with this spirit.
For a faithful person, living for the divine cause is his mission. All other
things become secondary for him. This kind of focused life is also a
great source of spirituality. A person, who controls his material life and devotes himself for a higher cause, also inculcates in himself what is
called spirituality. In terms of external form, he refrains himself from
material things, but in terms of inner content, he inculcates spirituality
in his personality. Fasting makes one a spiritual person.
Simple living refrains one from distraction, and high
thinking is only the other name for a distraction-free life.
Fasting is not a set of rituals. It is rather the adoption of the well-known
formula — simple living, high thinking. Fasting helps one adopt this
formula. Simple living refrains one from distraction, and high thinking
is only another name for a distraction-free life. And, when one saves
oneself from distraction, the result undoubtedly is high thinking.
Simple Ethics
Everyone likes to be addressed with good manners
and pleasing words. So everyone should speak gently to others.
Everyone wants his existence to be problem-free, so he should
avoid creating problems for others.
EMBELLISHMENT OF DEEDS
Powerful tool of Satan
SATAN is man’s enemy but Satan has no power to indulge in any
aggressive or physical action against man. There is only one thing
in Satan’s power and that is to put evil suggestions into man’s mind
or instigate him towards evil thoughts. That is to say, Satan’s activities
against man are always at an intellectual level rather than at a physical
level, and man must therefore guard himself from Satan's deception.
How does Satan lead man into evil? He does it by allurement (THE QURAN
satanic beautification? It is to present a baseless argument as a strong
argument in favour of an action.
Satan’s activities against man are always at an
intellectual level rather than at a physical level.
According to the Quran, Satan had said to God at the time of Adam’s
creation that he (Satan) would deceive the whole human race; that he
would influence their minds through such beautification or decoration
and would make people see false arguments as valid arguments.
This act of intellectual deviations on the part of Satan can be seen
throughout human history. We can find such examples in family life,
in society as well as at the global level. A large number of men and
women are involved in evil; in their thoughts and deeds, and they find
beautiful words to justify such actions.
They describe their negative actions in positive terms. They find
constructive words for their destructive activities. They give beneficial
and constructive titles to their anti-social activities. This is called
embellishment and man is able to beautify his evil actions through
satanic assistance having befriended Satan, their enemy.
THE CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITY
Perfect society / Perfect Justice
GOD is indispensable to man. His life is incomplete without God.
A philosopher has aptly remarked that had there been no God,
we would have had to invent one. Fortunately, God exists in
reality. We can believe in God with conviction, not as a supposition, but
as a fact. And we can accord Him the place He deserves in our lives.
It is essential that man should have within his reach, a super formula
for life’s management. God provides just such a formula — a complete
principle for life’s management.
Human beings are not like machines controlled by a mechanical
system, nor are they like animals who are governed by their instincts.
Human beings enjoy freedom. They take decisions about their actions
of their own free will. Now the question arises as to how to keep man
on the right course, how to make him consistently disciplined in his
behaviour. History shows the ineffectiveness of all worldly measures in
this connection, whether — social pressures, enforcement of the law of
the land or the appeals of reformers.
History shows the ineffectiveness of all worldly measures
to keep man on the right course and to make him
consistently disciplined in his behaviour.
Experience shows that the pressure of society is limited, if not totally
ineffective. There are so many loopholes in the law that it is not difficult
for wrongdoers to find a way out. The reformers’ bid to reform people
are nothing but appeals; and appeals alone cannot bring about a
revolution in human life.
The truth is that for the attainment of disciplined behaviour, it is
essential for one to be convinced of the existence of a power far
superior to himself, a Being who is aware of man’s activities at every
moment; who can reward and punish man, and from whom it is
impossible to escape.
There can be only one being of this nature — and that is God. Belief in
God functions at two levels at the same time. On the one hand, man finds in God a guardian who is aware of all his activities and who has
unlimited power to chastise him. It is not possible for man to escape
God’s chastisement. Belief in God compels man to steadfastly adopt an
appropriate attitude in all situations, privately as well as publicly. Only
then can he save himself from the wrath of God.
On the other hand belief in God is a storehouse of limitless hope. Man
can lead his life in this world with the conviction that if he incurs any
loss because of treading the path of truth, or if he suffers from any
other adversity, he will be able to endure it manfully. For if he adheres
to the path of truth, God will grant him a reward in the form of eternal
paradise, and there can be no reward greater than this.
For the attainment of disciplined behaviour, it is essential
for one to be convinced of the existence of
a power far superior to himself.
It is not possible for man, on his own to bind himself to moral values
or adhere to justice. This is possible only when he is convinced of the
fact that he is under a super power — a super power who observes
justice to the extent of perfection; for whom it is fully possible to
guide man to the true path and also to punish those who deviate from
this norm.
This present, limited world is totally inadequate for punishing a criminal.
Similarly, this world is also inadequate for granting great rewards for
one’s good deeds. The concept of God tells us that God can create a far
better world free from all the limitations of the present world, where
reward and punishment both can be satisfactorily awarded.
The concept of a living and powerful God is necessarily accompanied
by the concept of accountability. And the concept of accountability
guarantees right thinking and right actions on the part of man. It makes
man cautious by reminding him of God’s chastisement. Moreover, this
gives him the conviction of receiving God’s reward if he adheres to the
right path at all costs and in all situations.
The concept of God provides man with an ideology in which loss is
turned to gain and in which adversity brings with it good tidings.
SECOND EXPULSION
From Earth
BY the end of the 20th century industrial progress was seen as
an entirely positive development. But in the 21st century it
was found that there was a very damaging aspect of industrial
progress — that of carbon emissions.
Industrial progress has brought in its wake industrial pollution, which
has resulted in global warming; that is, weather chaos, melting of
storehouses of water, the death of fragile animals, the pollution of sea
water — in short, the disequilibrium of the life support system itself.
Industrial progress has brought in its wake industrial
pollution, which has resulted in global warming.
Maintenance of an extravagant lifestyle is the actual reason for global
warming. The present resources of the world permit only using them
in accordance with real needs, but man wants to use them to lead a
luxurious life. It is this unrealistic goal of man which has produced the
grave problem of global warming in modern times.
Global warming is like a proclamation by nature that this target of
man is never going to be fulfilled in this present world. This target is at
variance with nature and as such, cannot reach the stage of completion
in this world.
This is no simple matter, for it is directly linked with the creation
plan of God, which has to be properly understood, failing which this
matter cannot be rightly analysed. Here man’s plan is clashing with the
plan of the Creator of nature, and that is what makes it impossible to
successfully implement.
We can understand the above point with the help of the following
narrative. God created Adam (the first man) and Eve (the first woman)
and settled them in Paradise. God said to Adam:
O Adam! Live with your wife in Paradise and eat freely from it
anywhere you may wish. Yet do not approach this tree
lest you become wrongdoers.
THE QURAN 2:35
This meant that if they did so, they would be expelled from Paradise.
But Adam and Eve chose not to follow God’s guidance. They ate the
fruit of the forbidden tree and, as a result, they had to leave Paradise
and come to the present earth.
When God settled man in this present world, He again set
limits for him, which confined him to taking sustenance
from this world solely in terms of need, not greed.
This was indeed a case of overstepping the boundary and resulted in
the first expulsion. Today such transgressions are taking place on a far
larger scale. When God settled man in this present world, He again set
limits for him, which confined him to taking sustenance from this world
solely in terms of need, not greed. Moreover, he was not to try to lead
a luxurious life.
Prior to the stage of modern industrial progress, man had no option but
to observe these limits, but subsequently, with industrial progress, he
chose to ignore them, running after a life of comfort and luxury, which
culminated in the late 20th century and early twenty-first century.
Now the Creator’s verdict against man has been passed. The shield of
the life-support system is being taken away from him. A life of luxury
was, for man, like the forbidden tree of Paradise. But man, because of
his boundless desires, went beyond all limits.
Now the time has come very close when man will be expelled from this
present world, just as Adam was expelled from Heaven. Another name
for this second expulsion is Qayamat, or Doomsday.
On Fasting
The aim of fasting is to weaken the material aspect of man
and strengthen the spirituality in him.
PARADISE AND MAN
World as a Selecting Ground
PROFESSOR Nau Nihal Singh after his retirement from an American
University, came to India where he was elected to the Rajya
Sabha from 1992 to 1998. He was a true scholar. He had done
his masters in political science and had completed his doctorate on
international relations.
The story of how he got into the American university is very interesting.
While he was in India he came across an advertisement by an
American University for the post of professor in his subject. Prof. Singh
applied for it and was almost immediately called for an interview.
When he reached USA, he was received by a representative of the
university appointed to serve as his guide. Prof. Singh was taken to
the university, and accommodated in the university guest house. This
guide visited Prof. Singh daily and showed him around the vast
university campus from morning till evening. In this way, he took
him to different departments of the university and acquainted him
with all the main areas of activities of the institution; for instance, the
library, the dining hall, the classrooms, the teachers’ club, students'
meetings, university workers' meetings, etc.
Paradise is the world of reward whereas the
present world is a testing ground.
Almost a week passed in this way. Prof. Singh started to feel anxious. He
spoke to the chairman of his department, “I was called for an interview
and have been here for a whole week, but so far no interview has
taken place." The chairman replied, “Your interview has already taken
place and you have been selected. You can join as soon as possible.”
The chairman then went on to explain to Prof. Singh that the person
whom he had met at the airport, and who had acted as his guide,
was none other than a senior professor and also his interviewer. He
added that they had learnt of his educational qualifications from the
testimonials he had sent them and now they wanted only to know
whether or not he measured up to the culture of the university. This
had been the task of his interviewer, who had taken him to the different
departments of the university and introduced him to all the activities
going on there. The students and teachers had been observant of his behaviour during their meetings. The interviewer too was doing
likewise. The report of the interviewer was wholly positive as were
the reports of other teachers, students and workers whom he had
met during his week-long stay there. Therefore, on the basis of these
reports they had selected him.
This incident parallels the situation of Paradise and man. God created a
Paradise, a vast world which is perfect in the fullest sense of the word.
Everything in Paradise is of the highest possible standards. Therefore,
God wants such people to inhabit this world who are flawless in
character and thus fully qualify to live in this ideal environment.
In order to select the qualified people for Paradise, God created the
present planet earth as a model of that world. Here everything exists
that is available in the world of Paradise, the only difference being that
Paradise is perfect whereas the present world is imperfect. Paradise
is an ideal world whereas the present world is far from being ideal.
Paradise is an eternal world whereas the present world is ephemeral.
Paradise is free from all kinds of fear and sorrow, whereas the present
world is beset by these very ills. Paradise is the world of reward whereas
the present world is a testing ground.
Man will live with complete freedom in the world of
Paradise but he will be so mature and conscientious that
under no circumstances will he misuse his freedom.
According to this plan, God created man and settled him in the present
world, on the planet earth. God gave man the opportunity to stay here
without applying any curbs on his freedom. Man has the right either
to use his freedom in a rightful manner, or to misuse it as he pleases.
Every man who is born into this world has two invisible angels of God
with him at all times. They are constantly preparing records of man’s
words and deeds. It is on the basis of this record that he will be awarded
Paradise or hell in the next world.
Man will live with complete freedom in the world of Paradise; but he will
be so mature and conscientious that under no circumstances will he
misuse his freedom. He will lead a life of complete discipline in spite of
enjoying total freedom. This is the man for whose selection this planet
earth was created. All the circumstances that are present in the world
of Paradise are also present in this world. Now what is being observed
is the man who, while experiencing all kinds of situations, both good and bad, has proved to possess a character worthy of Paradise. He is
the one who will be selected and accommodated in the eternal world
of Paradise.
God’s invisible angels are ever present with man and they are preparing
the records of his deeds at every moment. This is the test of man and
it is on the basis of this test that the future of every human being will
be decided. The test is of man’s acknowledgement of the greatness
of God on every occasion, which is whether he pays attention to the
voice of his conscience or ignores it. When he is confronted with
logical argument, does he surrender to the truth or go against it? when
there is a choice between ego and truth, does he accept the truth or
become an egoist?
God gave man the opportunity to stay here without
applying any curbs on his freedom.
Similarly, while dealing with people does he adhere to justice or does
he become unjust in his own interests? Is he a good person in private
just as he appears to be in public? Does he make truth his supreme
concern or does he make anything else his supreme concern?
In the same way when he gets a position of power does he become
corrupt or does he adhere to justice? When he receives wealth or when
he experiences poverty, does he prove himself to be on the path of
moderation or does he deviate from it? In social life, when he is given
a front seat, how does he behave and given a back seat, how does
he react? Does he subjugate his desires and emotions to principles
or does he do the opposite? The decision about the eternal future of
every man and woman will be based on this very record.
The present world has been created for a limited period of time. After
the completion of this period, all human beings born in this world
will be presented before God. According to records prepared by the
angels, God will decide the future of each and every one. Those men
and women whose records show that they lived in the world with
nobility of character, and used their freedom according to God’s will,
thus proving that they were fit to be lodged in the environs of Paradise
will be selected to inhabit the Gardens of Paradise. And all those who
fail to demonstrate nobility of character will be rejected and sent to
the universal dustbin to spend a life of frustration and regret, and will
never escape from this condition.
THE WORD OF GOD
From The Scriptures
THE Quran is the book of God. It has been preserved in its
entirety since its revelation to the Prophet of Islam between
610 and 632 A.D. It is a book that brings glad tidings to mankind,
along with divine admonition, and stresses the importance of man’s
discovery of the Truth on a spiritual and intellectual level.
Translated from Arabic and commentary
by Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
Enthroned above the waters, it was He who created the heavens
and the earth in six Days [periods], in order to test which of you is
best in conduct. If you say, ‘You will [all] be raised up after death,’
those who deny the truth will say, ‘This is just sheer sorcery!’ If We
defer their punishment till an appointed time, they ask, ‘What is
holding it back?’ On the Day when it overtakes them, there will be
nothing to avert it from them; and what they used to mock at shall
encompass them. (
The present world was created by God in six days; that is, in six stages
or six periods. There was a period when its surface was covered with
water. In this part of God’s domain, only water was seen everywhere at
that time. Then, at God’s behest, patches of land emerged and water
filled the great hollows which became the seas and the oceans. In this
way it was possible for various species of life to come into existence on
the earth.
God has the power to give an ideal shape to things and events, but He
has chosen to fashion this world in a less than ideal way, so that it may
serve as a testing ground for man. Indeed, God’s purpose in creating
the world and settling human beings upon it was to single out the doers
of good deeds. ‘Good deed’ is actually another name for a realistic
deed, i.e. one which a man is required to perform in accordance with
reality, without there being any pressure upon him. A realistic person
is one who appreciates the hidden hand of God by peering through
the cause-and-effect veil which, by design, He has drawn over His
creations; he is one who, in spite of apparently having power, renders
himself powerless; one who, in spite of having the option of leading an
arrogant life, becomes obedient to God.
In the present world, the selection of such realistic persons continues
unremittingly. When the period of this selection is over, the present
system will be replaced by another standard system in which all good
things will be allotted only to those who perform good deeds, leaving
all bad things for the wrongdoers.
Almighty God does not immediately catch hold of those who deny the
truth and the arrogant in view of His rule of giving respite; that is, He
gives them respite to the fullest possible extent, so that they may be
warned and reform themselves, or finally prove themselves guilty.
This rule of respite becomes a cause of misunderstanding to certain
arrogant people. They forget their real position of powerlessness and
start indulging in tall talk. But, when they are smitten by God’s scourge,
they will, there and then, come to know how helpless they are, in
comparison to God.
When We bestow upon man a measure of Our grace and then take
it away from him, he yields to despair and becomes ungrateful. And
if, after adversity, We let him taste good fortune he says, ‘All my ills
are gone.’ He becomes exultant and boastful. Not so those who are
patient and do good deeds. They shall have forgiveness and a great
reward. (
In the present world, man is given ease and hardship by turns. But
here, neither is comfort given as a reward nor is hardship imposed
as a punishment. The purpose of both is to put human beings to the
test. This world is a great examination hall. The purpose of whatever
happens to man here is to see what sort of responses he offers to
different testing conditions.
That man is a failure whose behaviour is such that when he receives
some worldly bounties from God, he becomes proud; he behaves with
haughtiness towards those who appear to him of a lower status than
himself. Similarly, that person is also a failure who displays ingratitude
when some bounty is taken away from him or he becomes the victim
of some affliction. Even after being deprived of something, a man still
possesses many things granted to him by God. But man forgets these
and becomes so desperate over that one loss; he feels as if he has
been robbed of everything.
On the contrary, those who fully measure up to the standards of Faith
are individuals who are patient and righteous in their deeds. That is, in
spite of every setback, they keep their emotional balance and continue to exercise moderation; they continue to do whatever they are required
to do as subjects of God.
What is patience? It is a man’s conduct being shaped by principles
and not by the conditions and situations in which he finds himself.
Whatever be the condition, he should rise above it and formulate his
views purely in the light of Truth. He should have the courage to live out
his faith and moral awareness, unaffected by the prevailing conditions.
This sort of life is one of piety. Those who establish their piety in this
way will be the ones who will share God’s bounties in the life of the
future and rightfully earn a place in God’s eternal Gardens.
Maulana Wahiduddin Khan (1925-2021) was an Islamic scholar, spiritual guide, and an Ambassador of Peace. He authored over 200 books and recorded thousands of lectures giving the rational interpretation of Islamic concepts, prophetic wisdom, and the spiritual meaning of the Quran in the contemporary style. His English translation, The Quran, is widely appreciated as simple, clear and in contemporary style. He founded Centre for Peace and Spirituality (CPS) International in 2001 to re-engineer minds towards God-oriented living and present Islam as it is, based on the principles of peace, spirituality, and co-existence. Maulana breathed his last on 21 April, 2021 in New Delhi, India. His legacy is being carried forward through the CPS International Network.
What God most earnestly desires from human beings is worship. The Quran says: “I have not created jinn and mankind except to worship Me.” ( 51:56 )
