into a form of Christian monasticism. As for what is mistakenly called dhikr bil Jahr (loud remembrance of God)—repetitive recitation of this contradicts the very purpose of fasting, which is spiritual
life, but also the renunciation of lawful things for the duration of the fast. In seeking nearness to God, the believer must cut himself
off from all worldliness.
Although fasting, in its specific and definite
and turning to God not in a physical sense, but in one’s consciousness, one’s spirituality. The supreme state of faith is for one’s heart and mind to be continually directed towards God, whatever one’s
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